Comment nourrir 9 milliards d’humains sans détruire la planète ? La démographie sera assurément l’un des enjeux majeurs de notre siècle.

Alors qu’un milliard d’êtres humains souffrent déjà de malnutrition, la population mondiale ne cesse de croître, pour atteindre sept milliards à la fin octobre, et plus de neuf milliards d’ici 2. Dans le même temps, l’agriculture, qui ne parvient plus à nourrir toutes ces bouches, pollue toujours plus la planète, en dégradant les sols, les nappes phréatiques, la biodiversité et en rejetant 2. Alors, comment concilier population grandissante et préservation de l’environnement et du climat ? C’est à cette question cruciale qu’a tenté de répondre une équipe internationale de chercheurs, canadiens, américains, suédois et allemands. En compilant de nombreux rapports scientifiques, des informations sur les cultures, des statistiques agricoles et des images satellites du monde entier, ils ont été capables de créer de nouveaux modèles agricoles permettant de doubler la production alimentaire mondiale tout en réduisant les impacts environnementaux de l’agriculture.« C’est la première fois qu’un tel éventail de données a été rassemblé au cours d’une même recherche. En nous attaquant à l’ensemble des facettes du problème, nous avons fait émerger des tendances claires et trouvé plus facilement des solutions concrètes », explique Navin Ramankutty, professeur de géographie à l’université Mc.

Vudu, Inc. is an American content delivery and media technology company responsible for Vudu-branded interactive media services and devices. Vudu distributes full.

#Horror [Sub-ITA] (2015) #ScrivimiAncora (2014) 007 - Casinò Royale; 007 - Dalla Russia con amore; 007 - Il domani non muore mai; 007 - Il Mondo non Basta (1999). We provide excellent essay writing service 24/7. Enjoy proficient essay writing and custom writing services provided by professional academic writers. Nick Douglas. Staff Writer, Lifehacker Nick has been writing online for 11 years at sites like Urlesque, Gawker, the Daily Dot, and Slacktory. In September, Lyft has partnered with local restaurants in 12 major cities to offer you a free or discounted food for just showing your Lyft app.

Kilauea; Mount Etna; Mount Yasur; Mount Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira; Piton de la Fournaise; Erta Ale.

Gill et l’un des responsables de cette étude publiée mercredi 1. Nature. L’équipe a ainsi élaboré un plan en cinq points pour nourrir une population affamée sans détruire une planète menacée : 1/ Améliorer les rendements agricoles. Beaucoup de régions agricoles, particulièrement en Afrique, en Amérique latine et en Europe de l’Est, n’atteignent pas le maximum de leur potentiel en matière de récoltes. En choisissant mieux les variétés de cultures, résistantes et adaptées à l’écosystème local, en formant les paysans, en adoptant une meilleure gestion et en investissant dans des équipements plus performants, la production alimentaire actuelle pourrait être augmentée de 6. Optimiser les apports aux cultures.

Selon les chercheurs, l’utilisation actuelle de l’eau, de nutriments et de produits chimiques est rarement juste : il y en a trop dans certains endroits et trop peu dans d’autres. Il s’agit donc de l’optimiser en fonction des différents écosystèmes de la planète. Privilégier la consommation humaine directe. Les cultures destinées à nourrir le bétail ou à produire des agrocarburants, tout aussi productives qu’elles soient, sont autant de nourriture dont les hommes ne bénéficieront pas. Ainsi, selon la FAO, les pâturages couvrent actuellement 3,3.

Par ailleurs, un tiers des terres arables est consacré à l’alimentation du bétail et 6. Consacrer la majorité des terres arables à la production de nourriture directe pour l’être humain (céréales, fruits et légumes, légumineuses) augmenterait la quantité de calories produites par personne de 5. Ce qui implique de réduire considérablement notre consommation de viande. Le premier graphique montre les calories disponibles par hectare si toutes les cultures étaient directement consommées par les humains ; le second graphique indique les calories réellement disponibles en fonction de la répartition des cultures entre l’alimentation humaine, la nourriture du bétail et la production d’agrocarburants. Réduire le gaspillage. Selon la FAO, entre 3. L’élimination des pertes au cours des différentes étapes de la ferme à l’assiette permettrait d’augmenter d’en moyenne 5.

Enrayer l’expansion des terres agricoles aux dépens des forêts, en particulier tropicales. La solution réside notamment dans les incitations financières à préserver les arbres, comme le mécanisme REDD, qui redonne de la valeur à la forêt, ou encore l’écotourisme et la certification. Une dernière solution, qui n’est pas abordée dans l’étude, résiderait dans la constitution de réserves alimentaires d’urgence, mais aussi sur le long terme, afin de stopper la volatilité des prix des denrées alimentaires. Pour en savoir plus : un ensemble de graphiques réalisés par l’équipe de chercheurs. Photo : AFP PHOTO/NARINDER NANUSignaler ce contenu comme inapproprié.

Vudu - Wikipedia. Vudu, Inc. is an American content delivery and media technology company responsible for Vudu- branded interactive media services and devices. Vudu distributes full- length movies over the Internet to televisions in the United States of America. It does this with a content delivery network that uses a hybrid peer- to- peer TV technology.[2] Vudu was acquired by Walmart in March 2. Vudu began by only making its own set- top boxes (the Vudu Box and the Vudu XL), but Vudu now primarily markets its software as a Smart TV / Connected TV platform and Vo. D (Video on Demand) distribution service to third- party consumer electronics devices.[2] Vudu is also available within Play. Station 3, Play. Station 4, Xbox 3.

Xbox One, i. Pad, Android TV, Ti. Vo Roamio, Roku devices (such as Roku 2, Roku 3, Roku 4 and Roku Stick) and most smartphones via the Vudu app (Android and i. OS) which also supports Chromecast use.[3] As of December 2.

Vudu app within the downloadable version of the Boxee media player is no longer supported, due to DRM and certification requirements.[4]Movie delivery and storage via Vudu Box[edit]Vudu Box requires a home broadband Internet connection to deliver movies. Users are given the option of watching a selected movie now or watching it later. The first couple of seconds of every movie within the catalog are loaded onto the Vudu Box's hard drive, ensuring instant playback when the user chooses to watch a given film. The remainder of the movie is delivered to the box via an exclusive peer- to- peer network.[5] This process begins instantaneously while the user views the loaded portion of the movie, allowing for seamless viewing.[6] The movie then finishes downloading to the box’s hard drive. Users are able to set the amount of bandwidth the box uses, with settings at 1 Mbit/s (Delayed movies), 2 Mbit/s (Instant standard- definition movies), and 4 Mbit/s (Instant high- definition movies). Digital locker integration[edit]In 2.

Vudu began partnering with the movie- industry- backed Ultra. Violet to offer users a digital locker as well as digital versions to some DVD and Blu- ray purchased in retail stores.[7]In 2. Vudu became a participating provider in Disney Movies Anywhere, Disney's digital locker service that is separate from Ultraviolet.[8] Vudu is currently the only U. S. streaming provider to be compatible with both Ultra. Violet and Disney Movies Anywhere.

Movie format[edit]Movies are encoded in MPEG- 4 video and Dolby Digital Plus audio.[9] Vudu offers movies in four formats: standard- definition (4. UHD or 4k. Standard- definition movies are up- scaled to higher 1. Audio is sourced in Dolby Digital Plus and output in Dolby Digital. Audio is limited to stereo playback on HTPC/PC/Mac platforms. Users are able to adjust video to display in stretched, boxed, or zoomed format as well as adjusting overscan settings depending on their television format.

Movie selection[edit]As of January 2. Vudu catalog, and 5,0. Titles range from major motion pictures, independent films, documentaries, children’s programming, anime, musicals, recorded musical performances, cartoons and television series. Over 1. 3,0. 00 of these titles are available in high- definition, the largest for any service of its kind.[1. Vudu has established content licensing contracts with all major movie studios as well as over 5. Movies are available to rent in standard- definition, high- definition, and HDX format.

A rented title can be stored on the Vudu Box for 3. Once a user begins watching a rented title they have 2. After this 2. 4- hour period, rentals can be extended for a discounted price. The majority of movies and television shows are available for purchase in standard- definition format only. This policy is consistent with studio standards and other digital retailers concerning digital purchases.[1. Movies from First.

Look Studios, Kino, and Magnolia Pictures are available to purchase in high- definition format.[1. On February 2. 5, 2. Vudu discontinued operating the AVN After Dark channel which provided users with adult movies.[1. HDX and Tru. Film[edit]Vudu is capable of downloading and playing movies in HDX format, a format created by Vudu which encodes titles in 1. HD at 2. 4 frames- per- second. This technology is similar to a movie on a Blu- ray Disc.

However, Blu- ray Discs will have better video and audio quality because of their higher bitrates.[1. Vudu utilizes the H. MPEG- 4 Part 1. 0) encoding process along with proprietary encoding techniques dubbed Tru. Film.[1. 7] Tru. Film is composed of four main technologies designed to maximize the H. Psychovisual Processing: Designed to dampen and eliminate artifacting and pixelation commonly seen in areas of dark sky and water in movies by utilizing a constant algorithmic and visual check, then flagging these sections to be re- encoded.[1. See also Psychophysics and Subjective video quality.

Film Grain Preservation: A process which maintains the slight imperfections that the director of the movie decided to leave in the final film. Vudu makes multiple encoding passes over the original film, allowing the final encoded product to contain the original film grain.[1. Statistical Variable Bitrate: Ensures optimal video quality throughout the film by allocating a higher encoding budget to high detail and high motion segments of the film, while conserving the budget during slower sequences. With peaks as high as 2. Mbit/s and as low as 2 Mbit/s, this process allows for the highest possible video quality streaming over a broadband Internet connection.[1.

Color Gradient Processing: A unique technology used to tune the picture for optimal display on modern LCD and plasma televisions vs. CRT television.[1. Vudu Internet and mobile applications[edit]Vudu Internet applications have been developed using Vudu's rich Internet application platform that allow users access to online content. Via the Vudu Box, users can access and watch videos, view photos on Flickr and Picasa, and play casual games. Vudu Internet applications also contain access to on- demand television shows, some of which are available in HD.[1. In May 2. 00. 9, Vudu partnered with Brightcove to bring ad- supported content to the Vudu Box. Watch Get The Girl Online Iflix. The first application available from the partnership is the ability to watch Sony music videos through the My.

Play service.[2. 0]Vudu has apps available on i. OS's App Store and the Google Play Store. Movies can be streamed to the device itself or sent to a second screen via the application's Chromecast integration.[2. Search functions[edit]Vudu allows users to explore the catalog in a multitude of ways.

Users are able to search by movie title or actor or director name. Users can also browse through genres and add filters to the results to narrow down their results. Users are able to select a genre or multiple genres together and add a filter such as a critic's rating, release date, and whether the movie is available for rent or to purchase. The Vudu system also links the directors and casts of movies together, similar to IMDb, allowing a user to see all of an actor or director's movies available on Vudu.[2. History[edit]Vudu was founded by Tony Miranz and Alain Rossmann (the creator of WAP).

The Vudu Box had been secretly in development since 2. April 2. 9, 2. 00. The New York Times revealed that Vudu had signed deals with many movie studios and independent distributors to deliver access to nearly 5,0. As of April 2. 00. Vudu had received $2.

Greylock Partners and Benchmark Capital.[2. The company is based in Santa Clara, California. In May 2. 00. 8, Vudu began displaying and selling its set- top box in Best Buy stores. Before this time, the box was only available via online retailers.[2. On February 2. 4, 2.

Vudu became the first on- demand service to offer high- definition movies for download to own. Prior to Vudu allowing users to purchase high- definition movies, studios only allowed their films to be purchased in standard- definition format.[1.