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Freedom Riders American Experience Official Site. John Lewis, Freedom Rider [reading]: "I wish to apply for acceptance as a participant in CORE's Freedom Ride, 1. Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider [reading]: "..

Washington D. C. to New Orleans, Louisiana, and to test and challenge segregated.."Mae F. Moultrie Howard, Freedom Rider [reading]: "facilities en route. I understand that I shall be participating in a non- violent protest.."Jerry Ivor Moore, Freedom Rider [reading]: ".. That arrests or personal injury to me might result.."Raymond Arsenault, Historian: The Freedom Rides of 1. The Congress of Racial Equality came up with the idea to put blacks and whites in small groups on commercial buses, and they would deliberately violate the segregation laws of the deep South.

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Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider: We were to go through various parts of the South, gradually going deeper and deeper, six of us on a Trailways bus and six of us on the Greyhound bus, and see whether places were segregated, whether people were being served when they went to get something to eat, or buy a ticket, or use the restrooms. Gordon Carey, CORE Staff: One of the major thrusts of the Freedom Rides was to get the Movement into the Deep South. Most of the action up till this time had been in the upper South or in the North. And one of the ideas here was to go into the deepest South.

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We were hoping that this would start a national movement. Derek Catsam, Historian: CORE had this set itinerary. They anticipated that this would be a two- week trip; that it would culminate down in New Orleans with a real celebration on the anniversary of the Brown vs. Board of Education decision.

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And there's almost an element of naiveté attached to it, how easily they thought it would go. John Lewis, Freedom Rider: "I'm a senior at American Baptist Theological Seminary, and hope to graduate in June. I know that an education is important, and I hope to get one. But at this time, human dignity is the most important thing in my life.

That justice and freedom might come to the Deep South."Man (archival): I have no doubt that the negro basically knows that the best friend he's ever had in the world is the Southern white man. Man (archival): We talk about it here as separation of the races. Customs and traditions that have been built up over the last hundred years that have proved for the best interest of both the colored and the white people. There's not been one single change. Man (archival): The colored man knows where he stands.

The white man knows where he stands. We have signs saying colored and white. The colored man knows that he is not to enter there. Woman (archival): Well the nigger's all right in his place.

But they've always been behind us and just tell you the truth, I want them always to stay behind me, 'cause I never have loved a nigger, mister. Woman (archival): You cannot change a way of life overnight. The more they try to force us into doing something, then the worse the reaction will be. Man (archival): Our colored people will do exactly as they have done. Our white people will do exactly as they have done.

Why? Because it's worked out best. Raymond Arsenault, Historian: It was all- encompassing; this so- called Southern way of life would and not allow for any breaks.

It was a system that was only as strong, the white Southerners thought, as its weakest link. So you couldn't allow people even to sit together on the front of a bus, something that really shouldn't have threatened anyone. But it did. It threatened their sense of the wholeness, the sanctity of what they saw as an age- old tradition. Diane Nash, Student, Fisk University: Traveling the segregated South, for black people, was humiliating. The very fact that there were separate facilities was to say to black people and white people that blacks were so subhuman and so inferior that we could not even use public facilities that white people used. The Supreme Court even said that there was no right that a black person had that white people had to respect.

Charles Person, Freedom Rider: You didn't know what you were going to encounter. You had night riders. You had hoodlums. You could be antagonized at any point in your journey. So most of the time it was very, very difficult to plan a trip, and, you know, you always had someone to meet you there, because you didn't know what to expect. Bus Driver singing (archival): We're rolling along the highway.. Sangernetta Gilbert Bush, Montgomery Resident: My father traveled quite a bit.

And he just wanted a cup of coffee to make it to Montgomery. And he had to go around the back of the café to get a cup of coffee and then they told him- -Woman (archival): I'm sorry, our management does not allow us to serve Niggers in here.

Sangernetta Gilbert Bush, Montgomery Resident: Pushed 'em all out the door. Bus Driver singing (archival): It's a wonderful happy feeling, going along the broad highway..

John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK: I grew up in the South, a child of good and decent parents. We had women who worked in our household, sometimes surrogate mothers. They were invisible women to me. I can't believe I couldn't see them. I don't know where my head or heart was, I don't know where my parents' heads and hearts were, or my teachers; I never heard it once from the pulpit.

We were blind to the reality of racism, and afraid, I guess, of change. Bus Driver singing (archival): We're rolling along, America. Slate: 1. 96. 1John F. Kennedy (Archival): Let the word go forth, from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans. Raymond Arsenault, Historian: When John Kennedy was elected in November 1. Dwight Eisenhower.

He was young and had ideas and talked about the New Frontier. But when he gave his inaugural address in January of 1. China, to Latin America, to Africa - - to everywhere but Alabama, and Mississippi, and Georgia. Evan Thomas, RFK Biographer: The base of the Democratic Party was the essentially white voting South. The Kennedys had to be careful about antagonizing Southern governors and the whole Southern establishment which was segregationist. John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1. I was the first governor in the South that publicly endorsed him for president.

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1. Archival): I think he's a person who's sympathetic to the problems and conditions in the South. I think he's a man who will work with us down here. John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1. I knew that you couldn't run for president on a segregation ticket, you know I knew that.

But I felt like, that if we ever got in a situation where we needed some understanding and some help from the federal government in regard to our problems down here, that I'd get a good- - I'd get an audience. John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1. Archival): The entire nation will be looking at us on election day and will judge the way we feel about the segregation question by the size of the Democratic vote on November the 4th. Let's turn out the largest Democratic vote in the history of the state and show the people of this nation that we're not going to tolerate integration of the races one minute.

Evan Thomas, RFK Biographer: The Kennedys, when they came into office, were not worried about civil rights. They were worried about the Soviet Union. They were worried about the Cold War. They were worried about the nuclear threat.