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Mount Etna - Wikipedia. Mount Etna (or Etna; ; Italian: Etna[ˈɛtna] or Mongibello[mondʒiˈbɛllo], Sicilian: Mungibeddu[mʊndʒɪbˈbɛɖɖʊ] or â Muntagna, Latin: Aetna) is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messina and Catania. It lies above the convergent plate margin between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate.

It is the tallest active volcano in Europe outside of the Caucasus.[3] It is currently 3,3. It is the highest peak in Italy south of the Alps. Etna covers an area of 1,1. This makes it by far the largest of the three active volcanoes in Italy, being about two and a half times the height of the next largest, Mount Vesuvius. Only Mount Teide in Tenerife (owned by Spain) surpasses it in the whole of the European–North- African region west of the Black Sea.[4] In Greek Mythology, the deadly monster Typhon was trapped under this mountain by Zeus, the god of the sky and thunder and king of gods, and the forges of Hephaestus were said to also be located underneath it.[5]Mount Etna is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and is in an almost constant state of activity. The fertile volcanic soils support extensive agriculture, with vineyards and orchards spread across the lower slopes of the mountain and the broad Plain of Catania to the south. Due to its history of recent activity and nearby population, Mount Etna has been designated a Decade Volcano by the United Nations.[6] In June 2. Watch Picking Up The Pieces HIGH Quality Definitons.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[7]Etymology[edit]The word Etna is from the Greek αἴθω (aithō), meaning "I burn", through an iotacistpronunciation.[8] In Classical Greek, it is called Αἴτνη (Aítnē),[9] a name given also to Catania and the city originally known as Inessa. In Latin it is called Aetna. In Arabic, it was called جبل النارJabal al- Nār (the Mountain of Fire).[1. It is also known as Mungibeddu in Sicilian and Mongibello or Montebello in Italian (the Italian word literally means beautiful mountain"). According to another hypothesis, the term Mongibello comes from the Latin Mulciber (qui ignem mulcet, "who placates the fire"), one of the Latin names of the Roman god. Watch Broken Path Online Full Movie on this page.

Vulcan.[citation needed]Now, the term Mongibello indicates the mountain's top area of the two central craters encompassing also the craters in the southeast and the northeast of the volcanic cone. History of volcanic eruptions[edit]Geological history[edit]. Mount Etna from the south with the smoking peak in the upper left and a lateral crater in the centre. Volcanic activity first took place at Etna about 5. Sicily.[1. 1] About 3. Eruptions at this time built up the first major volcanic edifice, forming a stratovolcano in alternating explosive and effusive eruptions.

The growth of the mountain was occasionally interrupted by major eruptions, leading to the collapse of the summit to form calderas. From about 3. 5,0.

Etna experienced some highly explosive eruptions, generating large pyroclastic flows, which left extensive ignimbrite deposits. Ash from these eruptions has been found as far away as south of Rome's border, 8. Thousands of years ago, the eastern flank of the mountain experienced a catastrophic collapse, generating an enormous landslide in an event similar to that seen in the 1. Mount St. Helens.

The landslide left a large depression in the side of the volcano, known as 'Valle del Bove' (Valley of the Ox). Research published in 2. Mediterranean. It may have been the reason the settlement of Atlit Yam (Israel), now below sea level, was suddenly abandoned around that time.[1. The steep walls of the valley have suffered subsequent collapses on numerous occasions. The strata exposed in the valley walls provide an important and easily accessible record of Etna's eruptive history. The most recent collapse event at the summit of Etna is thought to have occurred about 2,0. Piano Caldera. This caldera has been almost entirely filled by subsequent lava eruptions, but is still visible as a distinct break in the slope of the mountain near the base of the present- day summit cone.

Eruptions[edit]Historical eruptions[edit]Eruptions of Etna follow a variety of patterns. Most occur at the summit, where there are currently (as of 2. Northeast Crater, the Voragine, the Bocca Nuova, and the Southeast Crater Complex (2). Other eruptions occur on the flanks, which have more than 3. Summit eruptions can be highly explosive and spectacular, but rarely threaten the inhabited areas around the volcano.

In contrast, flank eruptions can occur down to a few hundred metres altitude, close to or even well within the inhabited areas. Numerous villages and small towns lie around or on cones of past flank eruptions. Since the year AD 1. Since 2. 00. 0, Etna has had four flank eruptions — in 2.

Summit eruptions occurred in 2. January–April 2. 01. July–October 2. 01. The first known record of eruption at Etna is that of Diodorus Siculus.[1. An artist's impression of 1. In 3. 96 BC, an eruption of Etna reportedly thwarted the Carthaginians in their attempt to advance on Syracuse during the Second Sicilian War.

A particularly violent explosive (Plinian) summit eruption occurred in 1. BC, and caused heavy tephra falls to the southeast, including the town of Catania, where many roofs collapsed.[1. To help with reconstruction after the devastating effects of the eruption, the Roman government exempted the population of Catania from paying taxes for ten years.[citation needed]The Roman poet Virgil gave what was probably a first- hand description of an eruption in the Aeneid.[1. During the first 1. AD, many eruptions have gone unreported (or records have been lost); among the more significant are: (1) an eruption in about 1. AD near Monte Ilice on the lower southeast flank, which produced a lava flow that travelled about 1. Acireale; the villages of Santa Tecla and Stazzo are built on the broad delta built by this lava flow into the sea; (2) an eruption in about 1.

Mascalucia, whose lava flow reached the sea just to the north of Catania, in the area now occupied by the portion of the city named Ognina.[citation needed]Etna's most destructive eruption since 1. BC started on 1. 1 March 1. Catania five weeks later, on 1. April. The lava was largely diverted by these walls into the sea to the south of the city, filling the harbour of Catania. A small portion of lava eventually broke through a fragile section of the city walls on the western side of Catania and destroyed a few buildings before stopping in the rear of the Benedictine monastery, without reaching the centre of the town. Contrary to widespread reports of up to 1.

Italian and English[1. Therefore, it is uncertain where the enormous number of fatalities can be attributed. One possibility is confusion between this eruption and an earthquake that devastated southeast Sicily (including Catania) 2. A study on the damage and fatalities caused by eruptions of Etna in historical times reveals that only 7.

Etna, most recently in 1. Recent eruptions[edit]. Footage of Etna's November 2. A large lava flow from an eruption in 1. The eruption started high on Etna's northeast flank on 2 November. Then new eruptive fissures opened at decreasing elevations down the flank of the volcano.

The third and most vigorous of these fissures opened late on 4 November at an unusually low elevation, approximately 1,2. Ripe della Naca. The village of Mascali, lying down- slope of the Ripe della Naca, was almost completely destroyed in two days.

Only a church and a few surrounding buildings survived in the north part of the village, called Sant'Antonino or "il quartiere". During the last days of the eruption, the flow interrupted the Messina- Catania railway line and destroyed the train station of Mascali. The event was used by Benito Mussolini's fascist regime for propaganda purposes, with the evacuation, aid, and rebuilding operations being presented as models of fascist planning.